Rhetorical Analysis Reflection - 1032 Words

This semester has taught me a lot about the different types of writing. I have learned how to draft and compose a rhetorical analysis based off of an author’s ethos, pathos, and logos strategies. Not only have I been able to critically analyze rhetorical papers, but I have been able to search for more information to support my ideas or beliefs. Even though this can be time consuming it is well worth it to have a lot of support and evidence to back my ideas or beliefs on a topic. Throughout this semester I have more of a general knowledge on rhetorical goals, critical reading and writing skills, my processes on how to write a paper, and learning a new way of creating an idea through electronical environments. Each assignment was†¦show more content†¦These cites that were used could be placed in my essay and the flow of the paper would not change but keep it more organized with my thought process. From the rhetorical essay to the argument essay, the development of my citing or using references has greatly increased. When I started with the rhetorical essay it was difficult to understand how to cite the author’s work appropriately but when I moved to the argument essay it was almost natural when citing work. I believe this is due to the practice that we have had in class. The strategies I find most useful when writing an essay is having a topic that is of interest. When I wrote the argument essay, I already had a topic that interested me from the exploratory assignment. Generating an outline was another beneficial strategy that I had used because I could see the gaps in my writing or where my ideas did not flow together. Once I had an outline the rough draft was easy to create. I do not mind peer review but it becomes challenging when the person who is reading your review might not have the same views as I do. This would mean they were over critical of the paper and made it seem like I needed to change my entire essay to fit the standards of another classmate versus what the assignment was about. I did receive good constructive feedback on all of the assignments, which did end up helping me adjust portions of my writing. I do believe I am the same way to others writingShow MoreRelatedReflection About Reading And Reflection1090 Words   |  5 Pagesdatabases instead of google searches, and reflecting resulted in me thinking about what I truly did in a paper, essay, or project. By participating in this course, I was able to improve in all the four learning outcomes: reading, writing, research and reflection. Reading and writing are two completely different beasts. Reading is a beast that is already there and waiting for you whereas writing is a beast that you have to create and deal with on your own. As I have stated before, my favorite part of EnglishRead MoreThe Mysteries Of Molecular Medicine And Genetics916 Words   |  4 Pagesoutcome number 3:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Use a flexible writing process and varied technologies to produce texts that address the expectations of the student’s disciplinary or professional discourse community in terms of claims, evidence, organization, format, style, rhetorical situation, strategies, and effects by drawing on an explicit understanding of the genre(s) being composed.†Ã‚  This learning outcome is focused towards writing, and my ORP best demonstrates how I successfully accomplished the task of producing writingRead MoreReflection Paper On The Formal Writing Assignments983 Words   |  4 Pagesthat much and when we did, we were expected to know how to do it. My teachers never went into as much depth and detail as we did in this class. Writing in general was one of my biggest challenges coming into this class. In class we had to write reflections about ourselves and our week in class. I would always struggle with these because I would never know what to write about or how to start it. However, I got more comfortable with formal writing. I felt more comfortable with these because it wasRead MoreMy First Day Of Class Essay1481 Words   |  6 Pagesme explore the unexplored areas of my academic writing. There were three main essays (literacy narrative, exploratory essay and critical researched analysis) and each improved my writing tremendously. On the first day of class, I was surprised to see the amount of work is expected from me because there were only three major essays and three reflections. I thought the workload would not be so intense because there are only few major assignments. However, as the Semester has p rogressed, the work requiredRead MoreReflection On Self Evaluation / Reflections1612 Words   |  7 PagesSelf Evaluation/ Reflections Every one has their subjects that they love and hate, and for it was defiantly writing. Writing is something I dreaded for a long time; I developed my hatred towards writing since probably elementary school. I hate writing when I’m expected to put a spin on a subject that just doesn’t work for me, personally. There are many times when I have papers due and sometimes I feel like I have nothing to say towards the topic. I could write a paragraph but to continuously writeRead MoreReflection Paper On The Humanities Field1071 Words   |  5 Pageswhat makes each of them stand out. Reflecting back on these individual papers helps to express what I have learned. The first paper that was written was the humanities essay. The humanities essay helped to provide an understanding of the artistic analysis of the artwork that we chose to write about. When the assignment was first assigned I thought it was going to be difficult, seeing that the humanities field is all about expressing your opinion and deconstructing the text for what it says and notRead MoreMid-Self Evaluation Essay886 Words   |  4 Pagestopic is nothing foreign to me it has become a challenge for me to write about. The homework reading materials and blogs have been very helpful for me so far in this semester. I’ve found much inspiration for both the literacy narrative and rhetorical analysis paper by using the materials such as â€Å"Fish Cheeks† and â€Å"Tender At The Bone†. Also I feel that the Harbrace Handbook has helped me to design the best MLA format I can and has been a good tool to use when I’m unsure of how to format. I think thatRead MoreCritical Thinking Reflection1121 Words   |  5 Pagesrather strong skills given my background as a biology major. Looking at some of my other works, my rhetorical analyses both allowed me to dive into the beef of my topic a little bit more. However, looking back, my second rhetorical analysis was one of my weaker writings and I provided a better analysis in my first rhetorical analysis. Although I do not feel quite as confident in the second rhetorical analysis, both writings improved my analytical writing skills, an d both assignments—along with the annotatedRead MoreA Rhetorical Analysis on Dr. Martin Luther King’s â€Å"I have a Dream†1051 Words   |  4 Pagesupon for its emotive rhetoric and its illustration of a prospect of brotherhood. This rhetorical analysis will focus on a few major points, such as, the appeals Dr. King uses, which is mostly pathos, to make this speech a persuasive one; the arguments he makes about the unfulfilled American dream of true independence and democracy and the urgency of taking an action against inequality; the stylistic or rhetorical devices brought into play; the relation and affect of the title to the speech. The mostRead MoreEssay about Grief from a Cross-Cultural Perspective1573 Words   |  7 Pagesthe first introduces the concept of insanity as experienced by the protagonist; the second, although still set in the stream of consciousness, focuses on the narrator’s grief rather than his reflection of self; the third concludes with the protagonist reentering reality, or the physical world. From the analysis of these sections, conclusions will be drawn through comparison to the Kà ¼bler-Ross model. In order to compare the human reactions to the events occurred within the story, the Islamic funeral

The Three Faces of Eve and dissociative identity disorder

Although dissociative identity disorder (formerly called multiple personality disorder) is extremely rare and difficult to diagnose, it seems to be awfully popular with numerous Hollywood interpretations. The Three Faces of Eve does a fairly admirable job of conveying the disorder even though information defining the illness was (and still is) limited at the time the movie was made. Eve White, Eve Black, and Jane, all played by Joanne Woodward, had distinct personalities. Eve White was the quiet, submissive homemaker who loved her husband and adored her little girl. She had very little personality and was displayed as being in a depressed state. Eve Black, on the other hand, was Mrs. Whites polar opposite. She was flirtatious, enjoyed an†¦show more content†¦It is easy to tell when Ms. Black is being portrayed with her change in clothes, makeup and flirtatious behavior in certain scenes, but when the actual switch is occurring on camera, the film makers had to have a way of ensuring the audience would be able to catch on. This brings up the methodology used in the treatment of the patient. There are many possible treatments that are available, including relaxation therapy, cognitive modification, drugs and sedatives, and hypnotherapy. The later of these causes great debates among the psychological community and is denounced by many, yet it is the therapy of choice in the film. Hypnosis, though used by so few psychologists and psychiatrists, seems to be among the top used therapies in movies. Though the process used in this particular film to place the patient in a hypnotic state seems to be more realistic than those used in many other movies, it is still lacking. The process of placing oneself or another person in a hypnotic state is a fairly intense procedure of relaxation. Though, like the movie portrays, counting (backwards or forwards) is often used in hypnosis, it frequently is preceded by a brief, calming story of sorts to clear the patients head and place him/her in a calm state of mind. There may be better, more efficient ways to treat a patient with dissociative identity disorder, but the movie itself would not be nearly as exciting or intriguing toShow MoreRelatedDissociative Identity Disorder And Symptoms944 Words   |  4 Pagespaper explores 3 references. A website about Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), a book about this disorder and a couple of people who suffer from it, and a magazine article about one person that has experienced DID. This research discusses what DID is, it symptoms, what cause it, and two people that had/have this disorder. Dissociative Identity Disorder and Symptoms Dissociative Identity Disorder, previously called multiple personality disorder, is a severe form of separation. It is theRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder1221 Words   |  5 PagesThis research paper is about Dissociative identity disorder (DID) as known as multiple personality disorder. DID in which a person could have many different parts to their personality due to severe stress and an experience of a trauma. A person with DID when the have control over their one identity they cannot remember what they did when their other identities were in control. Most of the time people with DID have two personalities but they could have more than two which is referred as alters. ThenRead MoreThe Three Faces Of Eve Essay1188 Words   |  5 Pagesinform its reader about Multiple Personality Disorder and whether it is fact or fiction. This paper was intended to be contrived after watching the film â€Å"The Three Faces of Eve†, directed by Nunnally Johnson in 1957. The star o f the film, Joanne Woodard, portrays the title character Eve White, who acts through the separate personalities of Eve White, Eve Black, and Jane. Despite the doctors in the film being able to explain Multiple Personality Disorder, the question still arises today as to whetherRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder1030 Words   |  5 PagesDissociative Identity Disorder Defining what is abnormal is not necessarily easy. There are many different criteria to determine what exactly is normal and what is abnormal. According to Ciccarelli and White (2012) as early as 3000 B.C.E. there have been human skulls found with holes in them. Archaeologists suspect this was caused because of the treatments they had years ago such as â€Å"trepanning†. Trepanning is done nowadays as well to remove extra fluids from the brain, as for years ago doctors didRead More Multiple Personality Disorder (Dissociative Identity Disorder)735 Words   |  3 Pages Dissociative Identity Disorder, commonly referred to as Multiple Personality Disorder, exists as a bizarre mental disorder in which a person acquires two or more distinct identities or personality states. The disorder received much attention through such accounts as Sybil and The Three Faces of Eve. Multiple Personality Disorder, caused from severe and inhuman sexual, physical, and mental abuse, affects the individuals consciousness and in turn creates altar selves. CategorizedRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder ( Dissociative Disorder )1040 Words   |  5 PagesDissociative Identity Disorder Dissociative identity disorder, formerly known as Multiple Personality Disorder, is a mental illness that is greatly misunderstood, much like many other mental illnesses. Nicholas Spanos, Professor of Psychology, hypothesized Multiple Personality Disorder as a defense against childhood trauma that creates â€Å"dissociation† or a split mental state. The trauma sustained during childhood is so substantial, that the individual creates different identities to cope with itRead MoreEssay on Dissociative Identity Disorder800 Words   |  4 PagesDissociative Identity Disorder Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a severe condition in which two or more distinct identities or personality states are present in, and alternately take control of an individual. People who suffer from DID often have no recollection of what they have done or said while under the influence of the alternate personalities. Friends, family, and the person with the disorder often have a hard time dealing with DID, because of the sporadic nature of the personalitiesRead MoreMental Illness : Dissociative Identity Disorder1408 Words   |  6 Pagesbecoming more apparent is dissociative identity disorder, formerly known as multiple personality disorder, but some argue that this illness is not real. To begin to understand what happens within a person with dissociative identity disorder, it is important to first explain what the disorder is exactly. As defined by a forensic psychiatry and forensic psychology book: â€Å"Dissociative identity disorder (DID or multiple personality disorder) represents a ‘disruption of identity’ in which ‘two or moreRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder ( Dissociative Personality )1254 Words   |  6 PagesDissociative identity disorder (previously known as multiple personality disorder) is thought to be a complex mental condition that is likely brought on by numerous variables, including serious injury amid early adolescence generally compelling, repetitive physical, sexual, or psychological mistreatment. The greater part of us have encountered mild dissociation, which resemble wandering off in fantasy land or losing all sense of direction at the time while taking a shot at an undertaking. In anyRead MoreDifferent Perspecti ves On Dissociative Identity Disorder1710 Words   |  7 Pageson life, sometimes even leading to Dissociative Identity Disorder. Even though Dissociative Identity Disorder has a place in The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the legitimacy of the psychiatric disorder is still a very much a controversial issue. In these two articles, â€Å"Multiple Personality -- Is It Mental Disorder, Myth, or Metaphor?† published in the Huffington Post website by Frances(2014) and Dimensions of â€Å"Multiple Personality Disorder† by Murray(1994) published by the

Civil Society in Russia Free Essays

string(104) " religious activists from many of the constituent republics of the USSR Transition period to our times\." Introduction. The term â€Å"civil society† in Russia is rarely referred to something other than to the civic organisations and movements created during and after the break-up of the Soviet Union (start of the 1990’s). Never the less this paper will look at the â€Å"civil society† term in Russia more widely and insidely. We will write a custom essay sample on Civil Society in Russia or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will talk more and discuss about our time â€Å"civil society†, which came in in the end of the 90’s with the Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin’s ascension on the presidency. Putin re-established a top-down order in Russia and has proved to be quite antagonistic both to Western foreign policy and to pro-Western civil society groups. However, both capitalism and multiparty democracy continued their uncertain paths in Russia through the last decade. After two terms as president, Putin handed over to Dmitri Medvedev and therefore he built a so called monopoly in the hidden â€Å"Dictatorship† in the Russian political sphere. Total domination until the unability of being the ruling force of the country will come in but even then he has a cut back plan of Medvedev and some later chosen candidate, that will help Medvedev make same what Putin did, with getting the presidentship back in his hands as soon as possible. Looking to the future, the paper highlights two main trends. First, the continuation of Russia’s tradition of civic and political activism, seen most dramatically in the mass demonstrations in Moscow and other cities. Second, the major steps made by CSOs and local government in implementing social partnership, with new funds from the state that both replace and build on the contributions of foreign donors during 1995-2005. History. The beginnings of Russian civil society. The first stage (1760-1860) flows out of Catherine the Great’s reforms to the Russian estates and was characterized by the creation of public organizations related to science, literature, the arts, leisure and charitable activities. These included famous and influential associations like the Russian Geographical Society, the Free Economics Society, the Moscow Agricultural Society, the Russian Technical Society, and the Pirogov’s Association of Russian Doctors. These societies were set up with hopes for friendly cooperation with the Tsarist authorities and in the second half of the 19th century their members played a key role lobbying for social and legal reform. Civil society growth under Tsarism. Russia’s second stage of civil society development began with the Great Reforms ushered in by Tsar Alexander II in the 1860s. Serfdom was abolished, basic civil rights were established in law, and the first steps taken in the creation of a local government system. CSOs expanded gradually, became more professional, and began to provide educational and health support to vulnerable groups across the country. At the same time industrialization and urbanization gathered pace in Russia. The extension of the railway system across Siberia to the Pacific was one of the most dramatic examples of this in the late 19th century. Though ,the development of capitalist relations in the economy was not mirrored by political changes. The period of reforms gave way to a new period of repression and political stagnation, and the state was challenged by increasingly radical political forces such as the Popularitists(Narodniki) with their â€Å"to the people† movement, culminating in the 1905 revolution. Many voluntary associations were radicalized too (including almost all the scientific societies noted above). Significantly, the only law passed in Tsarist time devoted to public organizations was issued by the Senate in the  immediate aftermath of the first Russian Revolution, in March 1906. In the next few years, almost 5,000 new organizations, societies and unions were registered. However, once again this reforming, liberalizing movement ran into opposition from the state and with the crisis that was brought into the country because of the participation and taking a huge part and playing important role in World War I. Civil society in the Soviet period. The Soviet period (1917 to the mid-1980s) is the third stage in Russia’s civil society development, notable for the â€Å"nationalization of civil society institutions†. Again, there were stages when popular activity flowered. The Soviet arts, cultural and scientific avant-garde of the 1920s is well known, but less well known are the local movements, peasants’ and proletarian organizations that emerged all around the country. For example, every settlement/district had its own Peasant Mutual Society and the Central Bureau catered to the welfare needs of students much as voluntary associations had done before the revolution. However, in the 1930s this phase gave way to a period of repression and political regimentation – occasioned by the Soviet government’s decision to forcibly collectivize agriculture and go for rapid industrialization. This â€Å"required state-oriented CSOs which were to drive the foundation of socialism†. The voluntary associations created in the 1920s â€Å"offered alternative ways of solving social problems† but the authorities â€Å"doubted the utility of voluntary movements and the reliability of their participants.† Thousands were shut down in the 1930s and new associations set up in their stead, as part of the government machine. It was not until the late 1950s-early 1960s that citizens’ organizations of a less politicized type began to re-emerge, encouraged by Kruschev’s denunciation of Stalin and the political though that followed. Russian analysts have identified about 40 of these, operating mainly within the arts and scientific fields under the patronage of Communist Party bodies and subject to the latter’s decisions on policy and personnel matters. By the Brezhnev period, associations were active among groups as varied as war veterans, professional designers and those involved in child welfare. Civil society now included the dissident  movement. Dissidents developed various modes of resistance to the Soviet state – writing and publishing artistic or journalistic critiques of the regime, creating a variety of informal circles and discussion groups, and making statements on political and human rights issues that brought down considerable persecution on themselves. But they had many sympathizers and considerable impact on the political atmosphere in the country and its reputation abroad. The dissident movement included not only western-leaning liberals, but also strident nationalists and religious activists from many of the constituent republics of the USSR Transition period to our times. â€Å"Civil society† played a huge role in dissident ideology in Eastern Europe and the USSR in the 1980s. When the communist regimes collapsed one after the other it seemed to many people that an entirely new society was being born. Many different analyses of â€Å"newly-created† civil society in the region were built around this view. Twenty years later and with the benefit of new historical research, most experts in the region see things differently. The current stage of civil society development in Russia is a fourth stage, starting in the mid-1980s and continuing to the present day. The movement for perestroika and glasnost led by Gorbachev was designed to solve the USSR’s pressing economic crisis (caused by the arms race and economic competition with the West) and to shore up the legitimacy of one-party rule. But it led instead to the collapse of the communist system. Many of the most active civil society sectors today can trace their origins to the 1980s – not just the human rights groups, but also the environmental movement with its active networks among young people and in the regions. The adoption of a law on public associations in the late soviet period, supported by subsequent Russian Federation laws regulating public and charitable activity, opened the door to CSO registration for all-comers. However, under Yeltsin’s successor Putin, the environment for civil society changed significantly. On the one hand, Putin accelerated a process initiated under Yeltsin –government financing of the sector (mainly via contracting out social services to CSOs), and set up a national structure of Public Councils to dialogue with and co-opt the sector. On the other hand,  in 2006 he introduced regulations limiting the influence of foreign donors. The study’s authors call this policy â€Å"import substitution†; the replacement of foreign models and funding by national programs, self-organization and local philanthropy. Russian civil society today. General features of the sector After two decades of transition, analysts of current developments in Russia are beginning to gain a balanced view of the civil society sector. Civil society in Russia, is showing more attention to the detail, shows that elements of continuity and change, tradition and innovation, exist alongside one another. Here is what I can say on that theme: †¢ civil society activists today are â€Å"a strong minority of citizens† who deserve more support †¢ Informal networks are important for civil society, especially in rural areas because they include a large membership and their ability and readiness to provide vital daily services, plus often good links with government †¢ Foreign funding has had a positive effect in many areas (for example, it helped open up dialogue on many issues like feminism, domestic violence and others) †¢ Mafia-type groupings have had a powerful and negative effect at all levels in Russia – even â€Å"co-opting the role of civil society† †¢ The millionaires or â€Å"oligarchs† that emerged during the 1990s preferred not to work through formal or wider business associations; hence they contributed little to civil society development. So Russia surely has a civil society. The question is how to develop it further, from local to national level. Here is some thoughts on that part because there are many different opinions from different experts on that note. I will try to suggest the best possible ways of improving it and making in stronger and more vulnerable to what tries to hurt it. †¢ Civic engagement: the level of public activity in stable periods is moderate, but CSOs have shown they can mobilize quickly when the external situation demands †¢ Level of organization: Russian civil society is still in a difficult period of organizational development †¢ Practice of values: CSO members and activists refer to non-violence, tolerance and internal democracy as being among the most important for the sector †¢ Perception of impact: the general image of civil society is not equal from internal and external points of view. CSOs themselves rate their social and political impact as higher than the scores given by external experts †¢ External environment: the majority of the population do not approve of corruption, tax evasion, and so on. These positive social attitudes could potentially act as a catalyst for further civil society development. †¢Consultative mechanisms. Set up by Putin in 2004, the national Public Chamber has 126 members, selected in equal numbers by the President, public organizations, and Russia’s regions. The aim was to develop the space for civil society and intersectional dialogue. Gradually, this model has been extended across Russia. Critics said they would prove to be mere â€Å"window-dressing to legitimize the government’s increasingly authoritarian policies†, but at local level many NGO supporters have proved willing to give them a try. (A survey found that 60% of activists would participate if asked, while 16% wouldn’t, 181) In all of these developments, a clear gap can be seen between advanced and less advanced elements in civil society and government. The rural areas lag behind the cities, the remote regions lag behind the industrial centres. The character of political opposition to the regime is quite different in the regions. As the demonstrations of autumn 2011 and spring 2012 showed, present-day ‘dissidents’ in Moscow and St Petersburg tend to be middle-class, liberal and western-leaning. However, in the Urals and Siberia, many of the most strident activists are from the communist and nationalist camps. Conclusion and perspectives. In December 2011, Russia was admitted to WTO (18 years after first applying) and all that remained was for the Duma to ratify the agreement. In March 2012, Putin returned as President for a new seven-year term. Thus, for the alter-globalization movement as for other dissident forces, a new period of struggle lies ahead to win a greater degree of social and economic justice and a more democratic society in Russia. On the other hand, Putin has promised to priorities social issues and CSOs are well placed to work for  positive results in this area. This is a kind of â€Å"crossroads† for Russian civil society – will activists and organizations collaborate or conflict with government? None can say surely but it is likely that many will opt for the first of these strategies, so they face the challenge of how to resist incorporation and maintain their own agenda during the negotiations. Both the democracy and the alter-globalization movements face the challenge of how to coordinate their activities, combine different viewpoints, and communicate more effectively with the general public. The activists involved in social issues at local level have put energy and ideas into setting up grants contests, ensuring transparency in awarding contracts. Now they need to focus on the development, implementation and monitoring of longer term programs – whether carried out by NGOs or government itself. Only a truly independent position will enable them to work effectively in difficult areas like anti-corruption, anti-racism or the protection of minority rights. How to cite Civil Society in Russia, Papers Civil Society in Russia Free Essays string(104) " religious activists from many of the constituent republics of the USSR Transition period to our times\." The term â€Å"civil society† in Russia is rarely referred to something other than to the civic organisations and movements created during and after the break-up of the Soviet Union (start of the 1990’s). Never the less this paper will look at the â€Å"civil society† term in Russia more widely and insidely. I will talk more and discuss about our time â€Å"civil society†, which came in in the end of the 90’s with the Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin’s ascension on the presidency. We will write a custom essay sample on Civil Society in Russia or any similar topic only for you Order Now Putin re-established a top-down order in Russia and has proved to be quite antagonistic both to Western foreign policy and to pro-Western civil society groups. However, both capitalism and multiparty democracy continued their uncertain paths in Russia through the last decade. After two terms as president, Putin handed over to Dmitri Medvedev and therefore he built a so called monopoly in the hidden â€Å"Dictatorship† in the Russian political sphere. Total domination until the unability of being the ruling force of the country will come in but even then he has a cut back plan of Medvedev and some later chosen candidate, that will help Medvedev make same what Putin did, with getting the presidentship back in his hands as soon as possible. Looking to the future, the paper highlights two main trends. First, the continuation of Russia’s tradition of civic and political activism, seen most dramatically in the mass demonstrations in Moscow and other cities. Second, the major steps made by CSOs and local government in implementing social partnership, with new funds from the state that both replace and build on the contributions of foreign donors during 1995-2005. History. The beginnings of Russian civil society. The first stage (1760-1860) flows out of Catherine the Great’s reforms to the Russian estates and was characterized by the creation of public organizations related to science, literature, the arts, leisure and charitable activities. These included famous and influential associations like the Russian Geographical Society, the Free Economics Society, the Moscow Agricultural Society, the Russian Technical Society, and the Pirogov’s Association of Russian Doctors. These societies were set up with hopes for friendly cooperation with the Tsarist authorities and in the second half of the 19th century their members played a key role lobbying for social and legal reform. Civil society growth under Tsarism. Russia’s second stage of civil society development began with the Great Reforms ushered in by Tsar Alexander II in the 1860s. Serfdom was abolished, basic civil rights were established in law, and the first steps taken in the creation of a local government system. CSOs expanded gradually, became more professional, and began to provide educational and health support to vulnerable groups across the country. At the same time industrialization and urbanization gathered pace in Russia. The extension of the railway system across Siberia to the Pacific was one of the most dramatic examples of this in the late 19th century. Though ,the development of capitalist relations in the economy was not mirrored by political changes. The period of reforms gave way to a new period of repression and political stagnation, and the state was challenged by increasingly radical political forces such as the Popularitists(Narodniki) with their â€Å"to the people† movement, culminating in the 1905 revolution. Many voluntary associations were radicalized too (including almost all the scientific societies noted above). Significantly, the only law passed in Tsarist time devoted to public organizations was issued by the Senate in the immediate aftermath of the first Russian Revolution, in March 1906. In the next few years, almost 5,000 new organizations, societies and unions were registered. However, once again this reforming, liberalizing movement ran into opposition from the state and with the crisis that was brought into the country because of the participation and taking a huge part and playing important role in World War I. Civil society in the Soviet period. The Soviet period (1917 to the mid-1980s) is the third stage in Russia’s civil society development, notable for the â€Å"nationalization of civil society institutions†. Again, there were stages when popular activity flowered. The Soviet arts, cultural and scientific avant-garde of the 1920s is well known, but less well known are the local movements, peasants’ and proletarian organizations that emerged all around the country. For example, every settlement/district had its own Peasant Mutual Society and the Central Bureau catered to the welfare needs of students much as voluntary associations had done before the revolution. However, in the 1930s this phase gave way to a period of repression and political regimentation – occasioned by the Soviet government’s decision to forcibly collectivize agriculture and go for rapid industrialization. This â€Å"required state-oriented CSOs which were to drive the foundation of socialism†. The voluntary associations created in the 1920s â€Å"offered alternative ways of solving social problems† but the authorities â€Å"doubted the utility of voluntary movements and the reliability of their participants. † Thousands were shut down in the 1930s and new associations set up in their stead, as part of the government machine. It was not until the late 1950s-early 1960s that citizens’ organizations of a less politicized type began to re-emerge, encouraged by Kruschev’s denunciation of Stalin and the political though that followed. Russian analysts have identified about 40 of these, operating mainly within the arts and scientific fields under the patronage of Communist Party bodies and subject to the latter’s decisions on policy and personnel matters. By the Brezhnev period, associations were active among groups as varied as war veterans, professional designers and those involved in child welfare. Civil society now included the dissident  movement. Dissidents developed various modes of resistance to the Soviet state – writing and publishing artistic or journalistic critiques of the regime, creating a variety of informal circles and discussion groups, and making statements on political and human rights issues that brought down considerable persecution on themselves. But they had many sympathizers and considerable impact on the political atmosphere in the country and its reputation abroad. The dissident movement included not only western-leaning liberals, but also strident nationalists and religious activists from many of the constituent republics of the USSR Transition period to our times. â€Å"Civil society† played a huge role in dissident ideology in Eastern Europe and the USSR in the 1980s. When the communist regimes collapsed one after the other it seemed to many people that an entirely new society was being born. Many different analyses of â€Å"newly-created† civil society in the region were built around this view. Twenty years later and with the benefit of new historical research, most experts in the region see things differently. The current stage of civil society development in Russia is a fourth stage, starting in the mid-1980s and continuing to the present day. The movement for perestroika and glasnost led by Gorbachev was designed to solve the USSR’s pressing economic crisis (caused by the arms race and economic competition with the West) and to shore up the legitimacy of one-party rule. But it led instead to the collapse of the communist system. Many of the most active civil society sectors today can trace their origins to the 1980s – not just the human rights groups, but also the environmental movement with its active networks among young people and in the regions. The adoption of a law on public associations in the late soviet period, supported by subsequent Russian Federation laws regulating public and charitable activity, opened the door to CSO registration for all-comers. However, under Yeltsin’s successor Putin, the environment for civil society changed significantly. On the one hand, Putin accelerated a process initiated under Yeltsin –government financing of the sector (mainly via contracting out social services to CSOs), and set up a national structure of Public Councils to dialogue with and co-opt the sector. On the other hand,  in 2006 he introduced regulations limiting the influence of foreign donors. The study’s authors call this policy â€Å"import substitution†; the replacement of foreign models and funding by national programs, self-organization and local philanthropy. Russian civil society today. General features of the sector After two decades of transition, analysts of current developments in Russia are beginning to gain a balanced view of the civil society sector. Civil society in Russia, is showing more attention to the detail, shows that elements of continuity and change, tradition and innovation, exist alongside one another. Here is what I can say on that theme: †¢ civil society activists today are â€Å"a strong minority of citizens† who deserve more support †¢ Informal networks are important for civil society, especially in rural areas because they include a large membership and their ability and readiness to provide vital daily services, plus often good links with government †¢ Foreign funding has had a positive effect in many areas (for example, it helped open up dialogue on many issues like feminism, domestic violence and others) †¢ Mafia-type groupings have had a powerful and negative effect at all levels in Russia – even â€Å"co-opting the role of civil society† †¢ The millionaires or â€Å"oligarchs† that emerged during the 1990s preferred not to work through formal or wider business associations; hence they contributed little to civil society development. So Russia surely has a civil society. The question is how to develop it further, from lo cal to national level. Here is some thoughts on that part because there are many different opinions from different experts on that note. I will try to suggest the best possible ways of improving it and making in stronger and more vulnerable to what tries to hurt it. †¢ Civic engagement: the level of public activity in stable periods is moderate, but CSOs have shown they can mobilize quickly when the external situation demands †¢ Level of organization: Russian civil society is still in a difficult period of organizational development †¢ Practice of values: CSO members and activists refer to non-violence, tolerance and internal democracy as being among the most important for the sector †¢ Perception of impact: the general image of civil society is not equal from internal and external points of view. CSOs themselves rate their social and political impact as higher than the scores given by external experts †¢ External environment: the majority of the population do not approve of corruption, tax evasion, and so on. These positive social attitudes could potentially act as a catalyst for further civil society development. †¢Consultative mechanisms. Set up by Putin in 2004, the national Public Chamber has 126 members, selected in equal numbers by the President, public organizations, and Russia’s regions. The aim was to develop the space for civil society and intersectional dialogue. Gradually, this model has been extended across Russia. Critics said they would prove to be mere â€Å"window-dressing to legitimize the government’s increasingly authoritarian policies†, but at local level many NGO supporters have proved willing to give them a try. (A survey found that 60% of activists would participate if asked, while 16% wouldn’t, 181) In all of these developments, a clear gap can be seen between advanced and less advanced elements in civil society and government. The rural areas lag behind the cities, the remote regions lag behind the industrial centres. The character of political opposition to the regime is quite different in the regions. As the demonstrations of autumn 2011 and spring 2012 showed, present-day ‘dissidents’ in Moscow and St Petersburg tend to be middle-class, liberal and western-leaning. However, in the Urals and Siberia, many of the most strident activists are from the communist and nationalist camps. Conclusion and perspectives. In December 2011, Russia was admitted to WTO (18 years after first applying) and all that remained was for the Duma to ratify the agreement. In March 2012, Putin returned as President for a new seven-year term. Thus, for the alter-globalization movement as for other dissident forces, a new period of struggle lies ahead to win a greater degree of social and economic justice and a more democratic society in Russia. On the other hand, Putin has promised to priorities social issues and CSOs are well placed to work for positive results in this area. This is a kind of â€Å"crossroads† for Russian civil society – will activists and organizations collaborate or conflict with government? None can say surely but it is likely that many will opt for the first of these strategies, so they face the challenge of how to resist incorporation and maintain their own agenda during the negotiations. Both the democracy and the alter-globalization movements face the challenge of how to coordinate their activities, combine different viewpoints, and communicate more effectively with the general public. The activists involved in social issues at local level have put energy and ideas into setting up grants contests, ensuring transparency in awarding contracts. Now they need to focus on the development, implementation and monitoring of longer term programs – whether carried out by NGOs or government itself. Only a truly independent position will enable them to work effectively in difficult areas like anti-corruption, anti-racism or the protection of minority rights. How to cite Civil Society in Russia, Papers

Case Study of Stylerunner-Free-Samples for Student-Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the Case Study of Stylerunner. Answer: Introduction The company under study is one of the leading digital destinations for premium activewear. It is a perfect hub for the people who love to lead an active lifestyle as it delivers the latest on-trend style to the fashion devotees around the globe. The report will be focusing on the marketing objectives, cultural flexibility and company growth. Prior to it, a brief description will be given on the companys background. Light will also be given on the changes and development of the company in recent years. The report also highlights companys interest and challenges they face. SWOT analysis will be used to have an in-depth idea about the companys strengths and weaknesses. Background The company was established in the year 2012 by the twin sisters with one employee. Currently the company is operating in a global level offering over 30 stylish brands including popular brands such as adidas and Nike. Their headquarters are based in Sydney, which enables them to offer a delivery with 3 hours anywhere with in Sydney. This is a part of their community first approach, which also offers their customers a shopping experience with each package meticulously hand-wrapped. Stylerunners latest innovation is named as Deloittes TECH Top 50 in 2016 for its rapid adaptation of new technology to deliver unrivaled customer experiences in the luxury activewear market (Stylerunner, 2017). Challenges faced by the company Like every other startups, Stylerunner also faced the challenge making budget. It was difficult for the Stevanja sisters to cope up with the budget at first which eventually paid off. Hiring employees in the starting days was another hurdle they had to face. It was difficult to recruit someone based on their paper, as many of them showed incompetence to keep up with the pace and culture of the startup. Business Interest The Stevanja sisters started the company as a passionate customers, hence they gives their customers the top most priority. They realized the gap in Australian market and committed of creating the worlds first premier online sports supplier. Their primary interest is to deliver the most fashionable curation of active and off-duty to their global audience in a unique, innovative and personal way. Passion for the product, customer experience and authencity in their marketing style helped the stylerunner grow by 1736% in just 3 years. Their goal is to operate in a global level and offer their customers a wide range of activewear in a single place (the entourage, 2017). Flexibility of Cultures The company works hard to foster a creative, inspiring and rewarding company culture and seeks to become the best company to work for. They have put a lot of effort to implement a positive culture for the success of their business. Julie states that they are investing in creating an organization that is healthy, happy and a great place to work at and think that is crucial to long term success (Stylerunner's success, 2017). For the Stevanja sisters, culture is the paramount of their business. It is mandatory for the team members to live and breathe the Stylerunner ethos, which will reflect the passion of the workers about their work. Key use of Branding Branding is represented by how one positions their products to their customers. Different companies use different branding strategies. Stylerunner is unique in the industry with their mission to deliver fashionable activewear to their global customers. They use instagram to promote their products. They share aspiration content attached with their products to attract the right customers. Stylerunner has influential friends in social media which is an advantage for them. They send out products to the celebrities, who often promote the products in social media (the entourage, 2017; Chaffey, 2015). Managing Strategy Julie Stevanja often offers advices for managing the employees where she said that, teams emotions need to be considered especially around the growth and change. Different approaches were taken by her depending on the personality of her employees. It resulted her break the ice and bridges the gap that allowed her business to grow rapidly (management tips, 2017). SWOT Analysis The SWOT analysis is a key tool used to analyze the strength, weakness, opportunity and threats faced by any organization. Stylerunner is a startup e-commerce business based in Australia which has show a remarkable growth in past few years. Strength Being an e-commerce business, they are able to operate in global level. This is the primary reason behind their fast success They offer premium sportswear to their customers with quality assurance. They are currently selling different well established companies like Nike, adidas along with their home brand. Currently they are selling over 30 brands in their sites (Hill, Jones and Schilling 2014). They offer a delivery with 3 hours anywhere in Sydney as their headquarter is situated there. Their unique style in packaging and delivering the product differentiate them from other similar business. Weakness Long delivery timing outside Sydney can be considered as a weakness of the company. As they are operating in a global level, it is hard for them to manage the particular part. As the company is dealing only in activewear, it is hard for them to keep up with other similar brands that cover all the categories. Like all other ecommerce businesses, Stylerunner also face the limitation in personal services. Shipping cost potentially increased as they started operating in global market. Opportunities Stylerunner is currently enjoying their wide business growth as they aimed to have. The local competition has been cut down as they are operating online. Being an online organization, they can operate 24x7 which is an opportunity for them to grow fast (Sutrisno, 2016). They managed a wide range of brand to come under their company. Customers can choose from this vast collection in one single place (Consoli, 2016). They are promoting their company over social Medias and online marketing. Instagram is an integral part in their marketing. It enables them to reach out more customers. This is also a cost effective approach than offline advertising. Threat Competition is constantly growing as the popular brands now have their own portal to sell their product which possesses threat for Stylerunner. Stylerunner is now operating in global market. Every country has different laws for marketing which needs to be kept under consideration. It also affects the charges for delivering the products (Cooper, 2014). Solution The rapid growth of the company over past few years made them headline of many newspapers. They now are operating in global market which created the necessity of a competent manager. As a startup company, they face the problem of hiring staffs who will understand the culture and pace which needs to be resolved. The company should also measure the external factors of the global market and focus on promoting and adaptability of the products sold. Conclusion The report represents clearly analyze the background of the company and the challenges they faced in the starting years. Focus is also given on the business interest of the company and the cultural flexibility that they maintain to keep the work atmosphere health. The report also highlights the managing strategy adopted by the twin sisters which help them to run the business smooth. A SWOT analysis report is also presented that helps to identify the potential strength, weakness, opportunity and threat that the company might face in near future and to help them plan accordingly. References Chaffey, D. (2015).Digital business and E-commerce management. Pearsoyn Education Limited. Consoli, D. (2016). The Global Market Of Small Businesses By E-Commerce Platforms.Challenges Of The Knowledge Society, 966. Cooper, T. (2014). Digital technologies and the future of the Australian fashion industry. forbes advocate. (2017).forbesadvocate.com.au. Retrieved 1 August 2017, from https://www.forbesadvocate.com.au/story/2313054/is-this-the-new-lululemon/ Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014.Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. management tips. (2017).powerretail.com.au. Retrieved 1 August 2017, from https://www.powerretail.com.au/insights/management-tips-stylerunner/ Stylerunner. (2017).stylerunner.com. Retrieved 1 August 2017, from https://www.stylerunner.com/about-stylerunner Stylerunner's success. (2017).smartcompany.com.au. Retrieved 1 August 2017, from https://www.smartcompany.com.au/partner-content/article-series/growing-up-in-business-series/a-fashionable-influence-stylerunner-s-success-story/ Sutrisno, A., Kwon, H. M., Gunawan, I., Eldridge, S., Lee, T. R. (2016). Integrating SWOT analysis into the FMEA methodology to improve corrective action decision making.International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management,17(1), 104-126. the entourage. (2017).the-entourage.edu.au. Retrieved 1 August 2017, from https://www.the-entourage.edu.au/blog/how-stylerunner-grew-by-1736-in-just-3-years/#.WYDujojyvIU

Soc 201 dr b quizes Flashcard

Soc 201 dr b quizes

Stand and deliver essays

Stand and deliver essays I liked viewing the film Shooting for Success which was background for the movie Stand and Deliver in our last class. I have seen the movie before and it was interesting to finally see the real teacher who inspired it. I have not seen the movie since high school and immediately did not remember what the movie was about. I did however remember that the math teacher, Mr. Escalante, was an influential man who greatly believed in his students. I was astounded when I was reminded how 18 of his students in Garfield High School took the A.P. Calculus test exam, passed, and then was immediately accused of cheating. It was completely wrong of the Board of Education to ask those students to retake this difficult test. Being the most difficult test in the nation, those students put much hard work and effort into studying and preparing which they should not have been asked to do again. If not for their ethnicity and racial standings this would never have been asked of them. Something that was very inspiring in this film was that Lou Diamond Phillips who played the role of Angel Guzman, a gang member, did a lot of research to fulfill his role. He went to Danny who his character was based on for help with mannerisms, clothing trends, and pronunciations of words. He used those things as well as Dannys neighborhoods characteristics in a unique combination to make the character more alive. The end product was an extremely believable character that pushed the limits in this movie. The year of the film, 1988, there were 180 students from Garfield High School taking the A.P. Calculus Exam which was a dramatic change. This impressive shift was solely due to one mans remarkable talent for teaching. He constantly enforced students that they can do the work, and if they do try they are guaranteed to be successful. His students were required to put in a lot of ex...

A Study Of Using Cultura Project In Selected Universities In Saudi Essay

A Study Of Using Cultura Project In Selected Universities In Saudi Arabia And Australia - Essay Example With the progress of the Cultura methodology in the joint American and French educational institutions, there is an incredibly large potential for the Cultura project to be applied in other educational institutions wishing to be integrated as well. This system of integration can be used by other educational institutions separated by culture as an active classroom system where students are left with the task of learning something while teachers are on stand-by for monitoring purposes. It is with this progress that this paper is founded on. This paper revolves around the analysis of utilizing the Cultura method in joining two different cultures like Arabic and English to be applied with the same treatment. This undertaking will not only verify the effectiveness of Cultura methodology and generality of the findings of Furstenberg, Levet, English & Maillet (2001) but also contribute to the legacy of educational institutions towards cultural literacy. II. Statement of the Problem The study is aimed at determining the effectiveness of the Cultura Project in selected universities within Saudi Arabia and Australia. In addition, the study also aims to determine what would be the effect on cultural literacy and integration between Saudi and Australian schools when they are connected via the Cultura Project. The study would also focus on several facets of the socio-economic grid that are primary or secondary factors to the Cultura Project.

Implementing the Risk Management Process in New Kitchen Heaven Retail Essay

Implementing the Risk Management Process in New Kitchen Heaven Retail Store - Essay Example The intention of this study is risk as the probability that a chosen action or activity including the choice of inaction might result into a loss or undesirable outcome. This implies that a choice has an element of influence on the outcome. Risk management process is therefore the systematic application of the policies, methods and practices of management to the tasks of establishing the context, analyzing, evaluating, monitoring, treating and finally reviewing the inherent risks. Risk management process is therefore an ongoing process that aids in identifying potential problems that could emerge when new projects are undertaken within a business. A solid risk management process facilitates the smooth running of a project. By identifying and addressing a list of project risks which are also part of the larger project or business management system, many disclosures and roadblocks are eliminated. Consequently the risk management process is an essential factor that should be considered in an organization so as to enable its business to effectively run. It ensures that a well structured a framework for more effective strategic planning to enable maximization of opportunities and minimization off losses is put. It equally promotes greater openness in decision making and improves communication in an organization as well as providing an effective and systematic approach which enhances the management focus on areas of risk concentration in their operations. Moreover, risk management widens the management’s perspective and encourages initiative and proactive behavior that improve the level of accountability in an organization. Identifying the Risk Factors Considering the compilation lists of the NKHRS project risks, it is realized that the major risks are concentrated in three sections, that is, in areas of Information Technology, Facilities and Retail. In the area of Information Technology there is the risk of getting a professional contractor to install the Eth ernet so as to enable effective operations. Similarly, there is the risk of getting the Point of Sale and server hardware in time for the smooth operations .In the area of facilities it is noted that there is a risk in obtaining the right and desirable location bearing the right price range This location might as well be risky in terms of the availability of the goods and the products accessibility to the consumers. In this case a plan should be developed to decide on whether to find the right location for a high producing store to avoid great loss in sales or to consider a different alternative that can generate good profits (Culp, 2006). Consequently, in the Retail category there is the risk of the availability of the products at the right time to the customers and that the shipment date for the

Financial and Investment Opportunity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Financial and Investment Opportunity - Essay Example When assessing investment suitability, most advisers and investment managers take into consideration customer’s attitude to risk, but they fail to account appropriately for their capacity for loss. Therefore, this calls for financial consultants to assess the clients’ attitude towards risks during the evaluation of investments process using the most suitable tools. Discussion While assessing the individual’s attitude towards risks, the use of gender, age, parental background and even height is used to measure the willingness to take risks in general (Newell, Chan & Goodridge 2011, p 210-19). To better understand the attitude to risk by investors, data from previous research as well as field experiment, are used to assess these attitudes. The previous review is done in order to know the gaps to be filled while determining the attitudes towards risks. A random sample of clients that come to the bank as well as online banking clients are requested to fill in questionnaires. In this quest, to fill gaps, there are things that need to be taken in to consideration as the process of assessment is taking place. According to Mowbray (2011), gaps are bridged by focusing on some key themes such as the risk that a client is willing and able to tolerate, the client’s capacity for loss and identifying clients who are neither willing nor able to accept the risk of loss. Apart from that, the client’s requirements must be considered, and this involves collecting of information that includes the client’s investment knowledge, risk tolerance, investment horizon and the capacity to make regular contributions and meet extra collateral requirements where appropriate. Thereafter, every client’s information should be documented and appropriately updated on a continuous basis. In case a client does not give full information, it does not mean that the advisor cannot assess the client’s attitude towards risk. If the same advisor is not able to make the assessment, an explanation has to be made to the client on the limitation of assessment due to lack of information or the assumptions made in relation to advice given. After having the information of various clients, a hierarchy is developed to clarify their needs and the firm’s products. The upper levels of the hierarchy are solved to give a weighting scheme that determines the relative importance of each factor while determining the applicable portfolio. The lowest level of the hierarchy evaluates assets to give a portfolio applicable for a single investor’s problem (Bolster, Janjigia & Trahan, 1995). The most suitable portfolio is chosen by combining the local weights deri ved for every asset and weights given by the higher levels of the hierarchy (Saaty, 1980). The figure 1 below explains the hierarchy of needs and its possible matching products. Investment opportunities There are different types of investments and each work differently. The most common list of investments usually includes ISA, shares, unit trusts, property and shares and much more. This section describes the opportunities as well as giving advice to the clients while choosing investment that best suits their finances and other needs. The firm, as an investment bank, seeks to assist clients in raising capital by acting as the client’s agent in the securities issuance. The firm, also, can manage mergers and acquisitions for companies as well as provide subsidiary services, for example, derivatives trading, instruments of fixed income, foreign exchange, commodities equity securities and market making. Figure 1: Analytical Hierarchy

The Natural And Human Sciences

The Natural And Human Sciences Our knowledge in the natural and human sciences has evolved significantly over the past centuries. This can be primarily attributed to disagreement within these fields of science. Disagreement can be understood in different ways; it may be over the logic of the arguments or the value of evidence presented or it may also refer to differences among scientists or differences amongst scientists and society. The disagreements may be over in their views of scientific paradigms, assumptions or research methods. However, just because an individuals idea may be rejected, or disagreed upon, in the marketplace of scientific ideas, it does not mean that one shies away utterly defeated. Instead, one can try to increase their efforts to uncover more evidence, or attempt to formulate an experiment that can provide a more rigorous test of the ideas, or try to make a slight modification to the discarded idea to provide an improved fit to the evidence. Through these methods of counteracting disagreeme nts in science, new knowledge or evidence is likely to be discovered. Hence, the knowledge issue that will be focused on in this essay is as follows: To what extent are disagreements useful in the creation of knowledge in the natural and human sciences?  [1]   The generation of new knowledge in the natural sciences can be notably credited to disagreement. For example, before the theories of plate tectonics and continental drift were proposed, geologists assumed that the Earths major features were fixed. Additionally, most Europeans thought that a Biblical Flood played a major role in shaping the Earths surface.  [2]   However, in the early 1900s, Alfred Wegener opposed the logic of these hypotheses and formulated his own hypothesis that a single landmass called Pangaea split up about 40 million years ago, and the resulting continents eventually drifted to their present locations. In contrast to the previous hypotheses mentioned, Wegener provided evidence to support his theory stating that fossils of the same species were found in two different continents, rock sequences were nearly the same on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean and geological structures matched up with one another suggesting that Pangaea once existed. The opposition of Wegners views against the previous beliefs on why the Earth is shaped as it is has proved to be useful in generating new knowledge. His theory of Pangaea has acted as a root on which scientists have branched out to explore. It has revolutionized our understanding of Earth and has provided explanations to questions that scientists had speculated upon for centuries suc h as why earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur in very specific areas around the world, and how and why great mountain ranges formed.  [3]   In addition to Geology, another natural science where disagreement is beneficial in creating new knowledge is in Biology. For instance, in my IB Biology HL course, it is required to create and conduct your own independent research paper. In investigating the effects of different concentrations of coffee on heart rate, I recognized that I was not getting the desired results, as there was no effect on the subjects heart rate a few minutes after they drank the diluted coffee. However, it has been scientifically proven that coffee, no matter what concentration, will ultimately have an effect on ones heart rate.  [4]  The discrepancy between the data I collected and the already proven science allowed me to learn two things. Firstly, the reason I was not getting the desired results was because any liquid ingested within the body needs about 10-15 minutes to be absorbed by the respective organs hence why the heart rate had not increased. Finally, I was also able to create a new scientif ic method hence demonstrating the new knowledge I acquired through the disagreement of my initial data and previous scientific knowledge. Despite these situations, having demonstrated that disagreement plays a strong role in the formation of knowledge in the natural sciences, this does not hold true for all circumstances. Take, for instance, Global Warming. For the past years, there has been an on-going debate about the causes of Global Warming and whether or not it is man-made. The small percentage of scientists who believe that man-made actions are not the sole cause for this epidemic have used logic to appeal to those who disagree. Their points include that there is measurement technology bias, meaning that improvements in our ability to accurately count or measure a phenomenon is mistaken for a real underlying change in the frequency of the phenomenon. This means that we cannot categorize weather patterns as normal or abnormal since we only have a short history of measurements to support these claims and finally climate is an extremely complex system with many variables changing simultaneously. Even with an appeal to logic, the majority of scientists still disagree with this theory. Therefore, this illustrates that although there was disagreement amongst the views of scientists, it was not useful in creating accepted knowledge as the majority refuted over these claims.  [5]   Similar to the natural sciences, disagreement plays an equally significant role in making new knowledge in the human sciences. Psychology, for example, is divided into many subfields like biological, cognitive and social psychology due disagreements on how to best explain human behaviour. Nevertheless, having these different explanations provides us with more of an understanding of the factors that influence behaviour and consequently aid the pursuit of knowledge regarding human behaviour.  [6]   Furthermore, in the human science of Economics, dispute in the explanation of how economies function led to the formation of two schools of economic thought, namely Keynesian economics and Laissez-faire economics. Keynesian economics holds the belief that in order for an economy to flourish and function, it is necessary that there be a combination of involvement from the government and the private sector. On the other hand, free-market economists believe in the hands off policy where there is no government intervention.  [7]   These two ways of economic thought have allowed me, as an HL Economics student, to gain an understanding of economic concepts. For instance, I realize that although a laissez-faire economy may be beneficial in that it allows an economy to naturally reach equilibrium without interference, an economy with government intervention will ensure that the economy is stabilized with no hyperinflation and a relatively high employment rate thus, making Keynesian economics the more suitable economic choice. Hence, this shows that due to the disagreement between economists on the explanation of how economies function, I was able to create new knowledge as by analysing the pros and cons of each school of thought, I came to the decision that Keynesian economics is the more logical economic choice.  [8]   Although disagreement in the human sciences has illustrated to be useful in the generation of knowledge, there are also times where it has not. For example, in 1996, Mark Rosenweig conducted an experiment on rats to see the effects of enriched environments on rats brains. Despite there being disagreement on the ethical considerations of the use of rats in the experiment, it was conducted anyways. The results from this experiment showed that rats exposed to enriched environments had greater dendritic connections, meaning a greater formation of knowledge compared to the rats that were put in dim cages with no toys or enriching activities. However, despite showing that enriched environments could benefit knowledge acquisition, this experiment was conducted on rats. Therefore, it was not useful in that it could not be applied to humans as the physiology of humans and rats are completely different. Furthermore, this shows that while there was disagreement against the use of rats in Rosenw eigs experiment, it did not create useful knowledge, as the results from the actual experiment were hard to relate to the brains of humans.  [9]   Disagreement has aided the pursuit of knowledge in the natural and human sciences; however, many disagreements are based on ways of knowing like sense perception, reason, language and emotion. For example, even though Einstein and Bohr were able to perceive the data of the double slit experiment in the same way their interpretation of this perception was different due to fundamentally different assumptions regarding quantum physics. Consequently their explanations of the double slit experiment findings were different, even to the point that the terminology they used was different. At times the debate between the two physicists got quite emotional. Einsteins view that God does not play dice annoyed Bohr to the point that he finally responded to Einstein asking him not to tell God what to do. Consequently, disagreements within areas of knowledge are often rooted in differences in ways of knowing.  [10]   While writing this essay I have become increasingly aware of the fallibility and limitations of human knowledge. Even theories that seem most unshakable are changed due to new discoveries. Sometimes these changes result paradigm shifts within an area of knowledge. Subsequently, to ensure progress in knowledge, one should, as a knower, remain both open minded and critical. By entertaining ideas that may initially seem impossible to accept, it is possible to push the limits of ones understanding. Consequently, without disagreement in science, or any area of knowledge, progress would not be possible.

Under The Influence :: essays research papers

In the first volume of the trilogy, Celestine, there were many positive and negative influences in the life of Celestine. The Indian Department discouraged Celestine in many ways. Father Victor Gaudet also played an important role in her life. Lastly, Celestine faced struggles with her family at home. Some of the positive and negative influences in Celestine's life were the discouragement of the Indian Department, Father Victor Gaudet, and her struggles at home.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Celestine had many conflicts at the Laing Center. To be admitted to grade one at the Laing Center, a child had to have at least one half year of kindergarten. Sister Candida would not accept Celestine because she hadn't attended kindergarten. Then there were Celestine's encounters with Mrs. Hoffman at the Church of Christ United Separate School (C.C.U.). Mrs. Hoffman disliked Indians, perhaps, because her husband had had an affair with one. She heard about it and left her husband for a couple of weeks. Celestine had arrived late to class one morning. As she walked into the classroom, she could feel the teacher's disgusting glance. After class was over, Mrs. Hoffman grabbed Celestine's arm tightly as she was about to leave. Mrs. Hoffman had heard that Celestine had been to the bars so she threatened to send Celestine to the principal's office the next time she went to those bars. Celestine did not let her anger overcome her and was victorious in that situation. Unf ortunately for Celestine, this next encounter would have a different outcome. During another session, Mrs. Hoffman had asked Celestine who the mayor of Battle City was. When Celestine couldn't answer quickly, Mrs. Hoffman tried to put pressure on Celestine by rushing her. After thinking about it for a while, Celestine's reply was her grandfather, Chief Moses Deer. This sent the class into an Julius uproar. Mrs. Hoffman silenced the room by shouting, 'Oh, you're nothing but a dumb Indian!'; (Piepenburg 280). Celestine buried her head in her arms for the rest of the class. After the session was over, other Raven classmates tried to help Celestine from her depression. Celestine finally rose, but when she tried to leave, Mrs. Hoffman blocked her way. Fire builded in Celestine as she struck Mrs. Hoffman on the cheek and slashed her ear. As Mrs. Hoffman cried out, Celestine fled. This resulted in Celestine's expulsion from the C.C.U. Separate School. Later, Celestine, her mother Mona Lafluer, and her grandmother, Bella Deer, had planned to see the principal, Martine Sorenson.

Determining the Rate of Reaction When Reacting Magnesium Powder with Hydrochloric Acid Essay

Aim: To determine the rate of reaction for: Research Question: What effect does the concentration of hydrochloric acid have on the rate of reaction when combined with magnesium powder? Hypothesis I hypothesise that the volume of hydrogen gas produced will increase at a steep, but steady rate as the concentration of hydrochloric acid increases, until the concentration is equal to 1.0 mol dm-3. Therefore, the rate of reaction will remain constant until this point. I suggest this concentration because the standard concentration of hydrochloric acid used in general experiments is usually 1 mol dm-3. I then theorize that the rate of reaction will gradually decrease until the gradient of the graph (‘effect of increasing concentration of HCl against the volume of hydrogen produced’ – line graph 1) becomes à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0. Variables: Type of Variable Variable Ensured by†¦ Dependent Variable * Time Taken * Timed using stop clock * Volume of Hydrogen Gas Produced * Experiment repeated three time & Average taken Independent Variable (quantitative) * Concentration of HCl(aq) * 8 concentrations were used Controlled Variables * Temperature * Water bath was used * Thermometer placed in water bath * Mass of Magnesium * Used a 3 d.p. balance * Surface Area of Magnesium * Used powder & made sure mass was the same * Volume of Hydrochloric Acid * A burette was used to measure volume Requirements: * water bath (30oC) * 500cm3 conical flask * rubber stopper * delivery tubing * measuring cylinder * clamp stand * stop clock * 0.06g magnesium powder * 20cm3 hydrochloric acid * 3 d.p. balance * spatula * weighing boat * burette (x2) * thermometer in water trough * safety goggles Apparatus: Technical Notes 1) The magnesium powder should be as pure as possible. It should be stored in a clean and dry environment to ensure that no impurities (such as effects of oxidation) prevent the collection of accurate data. 2) Eye protection is necessary due to the use of hydrochloric acid – tiny bubbles may cause irritation of eyes. 3) Rubber, instead of cork, must be used as the material for the bungs. Cork is too porous and will leak. 4) No naked flames should be present – hydrogen gas is extremely flammable Method: 1. The solutions were prepared with a calculated combination of hydrochloric acid and water, to produce 8 different concentrations of 20cm3 hydrochloric acid 2. The apparatus was set up as shown in the diagram. The trough was half filled with water 3. The measuring cylinder was filled with water, and remained full whilst being turned upside-down (as in diagram) 4. The magnesium powder was added to the conical flask quickly and the bung was replaced as fast as possible to prevent any gas escaping. The stop clock was started. 5. The volume of the gas was then collected in the measuring cylinder, measured and recorded after 30 seconds 6. Steps 3-5 was repeated three times with fresh materials, and an average volume of gas collated was calculated for that concentration 7. This process (steps 1-6) was repeated for the 7 other concentrations (0.25 – 2.00M) 8. The rate of reaction was then calculated for each of the concentrations Observations: * As the magnesium powder reacted with the hydrochloric acid, fizzing on the surface was evidence of a reaction taking place. Conclusion: From my data and calculations, I determined the rate of reaction (for concentration of HCl: 0.25 to 2.00M) to be between 0.24 and 1.14 (respectively) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 11.68%. The rate of reaction is affected by a number of factors. Increasing the concentration of reactants will usually cause the rate of reaction increase. A higher concentration will mean that there is more of the reactant to collide together and react. By measuring the volume of gas (hydrogen) evolved at each concentration, I was able to calculate the rate of reaction for each of the concentrations. The volume of gas evolved increases as the concentration of HCl (aq) increase, as does the rate of reaction (the gradient of line graph 1). However, the graph showing the rate of concentration against average volume of gas (i.e. showing the rate of reaction) begins to level off at 1.25M, and not 1.00M, as I hypothesised. This could be associated to one or many of the random or systematic errors, resulting in à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½11.68% uncertainty for the value of rate of reaction. It could also be that my hypothesis was proved wrong on this account. There is no standard rate of reaction, as it is different for each trial, since the rate of reaction is dependent on concentration. There is not single rate of reaction for this type of experiment. Evaluation: Variable Possible Problems Prevention Temperature of Hydrochloric Acid If the temperature increases, it could be the cause of any change in rate of reaction & would mask the effects of the change in concentration The flask was placed in a water bath set at 30oC in order to keep it at a constant temperature & eliminate this as an independent variable Volume of Hydrochloric Acid If the volume varies, it could be responsible for an increase or decrease in the rate of reaction & it would not be a reliable experiment 20cm3 of hydrochloric acid was used for every experiment Mass of Magnesium Powder If the mass increases, it would alter the rate of reaction & would cause inaccurate results 0.06g of magnesium powder was used for every experiment

Free Essays on Wordsworth

worth is talking about. Porphyro is surrendering to the desire, â€Å"the fire,† of his heart; meanwh... Free Essays on Wordsworth Free Essays on Wordsworth Wordsworth’s Nature In most of Wordsworth’s poetry he seemed to try and make the reader aware of their environment, of their dependence on it for health, sanity and ultimate happiness. He wanted to nature to confirm that love, joy and beauty were not just fragile human values but cosmic absolutes. Often Wordsworth used unique methods of sensory perception as well as combining the physical world with nature on a more personal, subjective level. Much of his poems use these and other techniques to display the possibility of living contently, looking within nature for inspiration and fulfillment. Wordsworth’s poem Animal Tranquility and Decay, which he wrote in 1798, merely twenty-eight years into his existence, displays his early realization of such perceptions. This poem uses a oblivious man walking as a subject to demonstrate the possibility of absolute happiness outside of physical pain. Animal Tranquility and Decay represents a connection between nature, as the physical world, a nd how we live (or the subject of the poem in this case) as a result of it. Wordsworth begins the poem with an simple image. A useful technique to introduce the physical setting of the poem. The little hedgerow birds, That peck along the roads, regard him not. He travels on, and in his face, his step, His gait, is one expression: every limb, The image of this man walking and the birds not paying him any mind, not caring about his presence, is very effective in beginning to create the character’s personality. This is not unlikely for Wordsworth to develop the personality of the characters in his poems with a minimal amount of words and although it is not always possible to decipher whether or not this is intentional, it is none the less effective in turning the poem into something more personal for the reader. Even Wordsworth’s word ch... Free Essays on Wordsworth In â€Å"The World is Too Much with Us,† William Wordsworth presents a conflict between nature and humanity. He repeats the title in the first line of the poem, emphasizing his main point that the aspects of everyday living numb us to the emotions evoked by nature. Wordsworth includes himself in his conviction of mankind, using â€Å"us† rather than â€Å"you.† Something that is â€Å"too much,† is in excess, and therefore tends to cause harm, like the world for us. The harm that Wordsworth discusses includes â€Å"wasting our powers.† Obviously he does not see us as incapable, by describing our abilities as â€Å"powers.† He feels that we waste our passions on â€Å"getting and spending† and neglect to notice how nature is being sacrificed for this progress. We have exchanged our hearts for the materialistic progress of mankind. Not only does an artificial system cause an emotional deficit, but it also alienates people from each other in a very subtle fashion. Wordsworth saw this in the people who give their hearts away, which he equates with a â€Å"sordid boon.† Unlike society, Wordsworth does not see nature as a commodity. The verse, â€Å"Little we see in Nature that is ours,† shows that coexisting is the relationship envisioned. Nature is given human traits to convey a more personal relationship to people. The verse, â€Å"This Sea that bares her bosom to the moon,† gives the image of a woman exposed to the heavens. Wordsworth does not see this as shameful but rather honorable. Like the Sea, he wants people to open themselves up to the passions around them; but instead, we are indifferent to the pleas from nature: â€Å"it moves us not.† He describes us as â€Å"out of tune,† which means that we are not completely doomed, that there is hope to be reconciled with nature. In â€Å"The Eve of St. Agnes,† Porphyro demonstrates the passion that Wordsworth is talking abou t. Porphyro is surrendering to the desire, â€Å"the fire,† of his heart; meanwh... Free Essays on Wordsworth Romantic Poets William Wordsworth writes in his â€Å"Preface to Lyrical Ballads† that â€Å"if the views, with which they [the poems] were composed, were indeed realized, a class of poetry would be produced, well adapted to interest mankind permanently, and not unimportant in the multiplicity and in the quality of its moral relation† (mallor & matlock 574). It has been over two hundred years since Wordsworth penned these lines and yet they have not been lost nor have they been forgotten. The face of poetry has changed since the time of Wordsworth, although mankind’s unwavering fascination with poetry is a testament to its eternal magnetism. In his â€Å"Preface,† Wordsworth defines his poetry and his motivation fastidiously and when comparing the theory to the practice in the case of â€Å"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud,† the reader cannot help but notice his strict adherence. In fact, because the poem is written as a first person narrative, and Wordsworth is the subject of his poem, he is writing about how he thinks, thus it is the very essence of theory in practice. Wordsworth asserts that : Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility: the emotion is contemplated till by a series of reaction the tranquility gradually disappears, and an emotion, similar to that which was before the subject of contemplation, is gradually produced and does itself actually exist in the mind (580). This explanation is exemplified in his poem, â€Å"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud.† A lonely poet wanders through the country and is met with a â€Å"host† of daffodils. The tranquil scene affects him passively at first as he attempts to take in the scene, then later after returning home he contemplates his experience. After some contemplation, the poet realizes what â€Å"wealth this show has brought† (line 18). When the image is recollected during ... Free Essays on Wordsworth William Wordsworth William Wordsworth was, in my eyes one of the best know romanticist writers of his time. Most of his pieces talk about nature and religion. He, like most romantic poets of his time revolted against the industrial revolution and wrote many pieces about nature in order to go up against it. During the industrial revolution there were many factories being built up that took away most of the open countryside that everyone enjoyed. In these factories, workers were given long hours and little pay for their harsh working conditions. Wordsworth saw this and was appalled at how the factories could first come and take over the land and hire workers for practically no pay and long hours, so he wrote about nature to rebel against the factories. He wrote these poems to let people escape the reality of their lives and have something that was positive to live for. Wordsworth is considered a romantic because his writings were very imaginative, emotional, and visionary. He regularly discussed poetry with his friend Samuel Coleridge, who at the time was also a romantic writer. In their time as friends they wrote and discussed many poems, which later led to the writing of a prelude for his wife whom he had four children with. Originally Wordsworth was from England and was born in 1770 and graduated from Cambridge University. After he graduated he began his work on the idiom of the eighteenth century, which rebelled against the industrial revolution. Dorothy Wordsworth, William’s sister wrote a journal that her and her brother could read when he cared for her during the last twenty years of her life. Her works were not published for many years after she had died. Most of her writing was written without correct punctuation due to the fact that it would only be her and her brother that would be reading her writings. After his sister Dorothy died later on due to physical ailments which later drove her to insanity. ...

Life in the ER †Theology Essay

Life in the ER – Theology Essay Free Online Research Papers Life in the ER Theology Essay Working in the emergency room of a hospital can be extremely hectic and demanding. Recently my cousin’s wife started a second career as an EMT in the ER. She could tell you how stressful it is at times and yet rewarding. Perhaps, like me, you feel that you have been in life’s ER for most of your life. Life in the ER is a daily encounter with trauma, tragedy, and tears, but there are also times of joyous triumph. Job was one of the most severely tested men in the Bible. He experienced life in the ER – life full of trauma, tragedy, and tears. He lost his children in a terrible wind storm. His livestock were rustled by bandits. He lost his wealth and health and was misunderstood and falsely accused by his friends. Job lamented, â€Å"Man is born to trouble, as the sparks fly upward† (Job 5:7). In all of his troubles, Job never lost his faith. How can we triumph while living in the ER? We may not know all the answers to why we face trauma, tragedy, and tears in life’s ER, but Paul reminds us, â€Å"For now we see in a mirror dimly but then we shall see face to face. Now I know in part, but then I shall know, just as I also am known† (I Corinthians 13:12). Paul then gives us three foundation stones for an abundant, victorious life. They make us triumphant when we spend time in the ER. â€Å"Now abides faith, hope, and love, these three. But the greatest of these is love† (I Corinthians 13:13). Note the following four things about life in the ER. First – TRAUMA can be turned into triumph. What is trauma? The dictionary defines trauma as â€Å"Traumata [Greek]: a bodily or mental injury caused by an external agent†. Job certainly faced trauma. Satan was the agent who assaulted him. Consider the mental anguish Job went through. He questioned God but he never lost his faith. He felt like it would have been better not to have been born. But then he comes to a place of triumph. â€Å"Though He slays me, yet will I trust Him† (Job 13:15). Why did Job have such â€Å"faith, hope, and love†? This is perhaps the greatest declaration from a man ever made. â€Å"For I know that my Redeemer lives; and He shall stand at last on the earth; and after my skin is destroyed, this I know, that in my flesh I shall see God, whom I shall see for myself and my eyes shall behold and not another† (Job 19:25-27). Paul suffered severe mental and physical trauma. â€Å"We are hard pressed on every side, yet not crushed; we are perplexed, but not in despair . . . Knowing that He who raised up the Lord Jesus will also raise us . . . while we do not look at the things which are seen, but at the things which are not seen. For the things which are seen are temporary, but the things which are not seen are eternal† (II Corinthians 4:6-18). Paul experienced triumph out of trauma. â€Å"Yet in all these things we are more than conquerors through Him that loved us† (Romans 8:31-35). God can turn trauma into triumph. (Romans 8:28-39) Second – TRAGEDY can be turned into triumph. Tragedy is taken from two words – tragos (goat) and aeidein (to sing). Even in sorrow God gives a song. (Psalm 6:8; 126:5 and Isaiah 35:10; 61:1-10.) I remember sitting before the caskets of my two brothers and a cousin. They were only teenagers when they were tragically killed by a young drunk driver who ran a stop sign at a country road intersection. It was the first personal tragedy that I had encountered. I was so grief-stricken that I thought I saw their cold lifeless bodies move. â€Å"Perhaps God is going to miraculously raise them from the dead or maybe I am going to awake from a bad dream.† But they did not get up and I wasn’t having a bad dream. It was real and it was devastating. The preacher reminded us of Martha and Mary’s sorrow at the death of their brother Lazarus. â€Å"Lord, if only you had been here, our brother would not have died,† they said. Jesus assured them â€Å"your brother will rise again . . . I am the resurrection and the life. He who believes in me, though he may die, he shall live† (John 11:23-26). Jesus raised Lazarus from the dead. Christ has power over death and specializes in raising those things that have died. Third – TEARS are a language God understands. At the tomb of Lazarus Jesus wept. Our tears are never wasted nor do they go un-noticed by God. They are collected in bottles in heaven. (Psalms 56:8, Isaiah 16:25; 38:5, and Revelation 21:4.) Jesus came to comfort and to heal the brokenhearted. (Luke 4:18) Fourth – TRIUMPH comes through Jesus Christ. The loss of something or someone never has to mean the end of a joyful, victorious life for a believer in Christ, if you allow Jesus to mend your broken heart. He is Lord of resurrection life, no matter what trauma or tragedy you face. Those who work in the ER are able to save and bring healing to many. When your heart is hemorrhaging with grief and loss never forget that Jesus binds and compresses your wounds with His nail-scared hands. Reach out to Him today in â€Å"faith, hope, and love†. Research Papers on Life in the ER - Theology EssayThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionLifes What IfsThe Spring and AutumnThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationHip-Hop is ArtQuebec and Canada

Evaluate Bodyshop company Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Evaluate Bodyshop company - Coursework Example Sesame oil and marula oil are the most common natural ingredients utilized by the company in making its products. Marula oil is obtained from kernels and some of its traditional use entailed body moistening as a lotion and massage treatment purposes. Sesame oil also acts as skin moisturizer and skin massage oil (Nitzsch & Rose, 2011, p. 23). Body shop obtains its ingredients via Community Fair Trade. The products fall under various categories depending on their use. The first category is fragrances that include varied products for men and women. Body butters include Meringa, strawberry, Shea, Satsuma, olive coconut and mango products. Skin care products contain a wide range of minerals including vitamin c, tea tree, seaweed and Aloe Vera. Under this category, Body shop has lotions approved by pediatricians for babies. Maca root and White musk are skin products for men. Make ups include eye shadow, lipstick, mineral make up and mascara. For hair care, they have banana conditioner and banana shampoo. The last category is bathing products that include soaps and gels. Antiperspirants are the latest products by Body Shop (Body Shop Business, 2011, p. 1). Market entry Initially, Body Shop was an environmental friendly single-store shop specializing in natural cosmetic products in Berkeley, California. Anita Roddick visited the shop as a customer. It inspired her to start her own shop of similar products. She opened a shop in 1976, UK and began producing the naturally scented products. In 1987, she bought naming rights for her shop consequently labeling it Body Shop (Haile, 2004, p. 24). It expanded at a steady rate of 50% quickly spreading to other countries. Initial investment and ownership Anita needed 4,000 sterling pounds to start her investment. She obtained the money from a bank as an investment loan for her first shop. Following success, she wanted to open another shop but funds remained a challenge. The bank refused to loan her the money. She obtained 4,000 s terling pounds for her second shop from a friend of one of the girls assisting at the first shop. However, the person demanded a 50% share in the shop she was to set up. Further funding for expansion was through informal arrangements with various businesspersons and businesses (Haile, 2004, p. 22). Body Shop offered its first public offing on April 1984. Anita Roddick and her husband Gordon Roddick owned the company for 30 years from the date of establishment until 2006, when L’Oreal corporate team purchased the company (Body Shop Business, 2011, p. 1). Body Shop’s Unique Selling Preposition Anita Roddick advocated for environmental friendly products to conserve the environment and maintain healthy bodies. As Gordon Brown, the English Prime Minister, acknowledge that after Anita Roddick’s death in 2007, she and her company campaigned for green issues long before it became a popular topic in the world (Assenmacher, 2012, p. 24). She is a pioneer in instilling the globe’s environmental concerns in people. This ultimately convinced people to use Body Shop products. Apart from environmental issues, Body Shop campaigned for other social issues that included enhancing self-esteem in women. In this campaign, the company contradicted the popular media concepts of women that depicted women as stereotype (Dutta, 2007). Body shop also engaged in community activities in which it funded various environmentalist and social groups. Consequently, it familiarized their products with interest topics